QR codes are two-dimensional barcodes that can be scanned by a smartphone or QR code reader app. They are used for various purposes such as product packaging, real estate, and payments. However, they can also make users vulnerable to phishing if fraudulent codes are created. To avoid these risks, users should only scan QR codes from trusted sources, keep software up to date, use reputable antivirus software, and be cautious when entering sensitive information.

Fileless malware operates in a computer’s memory without leaving any trace on the hard drive as a type of malicious software. Fileless malware uses native and legitimate tools already present on a system to carry out an attack, making it difficult to detect. The attackers gain access to the victim’s system first and steal credentials, then creating a backdoor for persistent access. The malware then gathers data and transfers it out of the victim’s environment.